Spain route

Driving licences in Spain: exchange or self-examination

After receiving the residence, foreign rights are not more than six months in Spain.

Short

Foreign rights
6 months
21 Reglamento General de Investors
Exchange for the Russian Federation, RB, CD
None
Table DGT of countries with canje of 26.06.2026 does not include: only examinations
Exchange for UA, MD, GE
Yes
For categories A1, A, B, B+E without examinations, duty 28.87 y (tasa 2.3)
Examinations
94,05 €
Tasa 2.1 on DGT: Two attempts, stage taken, two years stored
Theoretical language
No Russian
for B: Spanish, Catalan, English, French, German; no Russian
Car school
Not mandatory
DGT allows for preparation and application for the test por libre

Whose route is it?

The route for those who live in Spain with a residence permit (or soon it will be granted) and want to drive legally. The Spanish rights are issued by the DGT (Dirección General de Traáfico, General Directorate of Traffic), in Barcelona it is Jefatura Provincial de Tráfico, a procedure that is national, Catalonia only different because the theory can be passed on to Catalan.

Your rights are granted.PathExaminations for B
Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, UzbekistanNew Spanish rightsTheory and practice
Ukraine, Moldova, GeorgiaCanje, exchangeNo need.
EU or EEA countrySeparate rules for European rightsNo need.

The exchange does not work if the rights are obtained in your home country, when you were already a legal resident of Spain: this is the way it is written on the DGT page with the list of countries. The overall context of the move is collected on the page. Residence permit in BarcelonaDetails by country in the article Exchange of rights between Russia and the CIS.

Rights in Spain: a 15-step scheme

  1. Check if your country is on the canje list.

    Exchange is only possible for countries with an existing agreement with Spain: in the DGT table (updated 26.06.2026) there are Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, and Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan are not.

    Where: dgt.es, section canjes de permisosDuration: before moving or immediately afterCost: free of charge

    When assistance is needed: rights are granted in one country and citizenship in another, or rights have been changed in Spain.

  2. Count how much more you can drive on your rights.

    Under article 21 of the Reglamento General de Investors (Real Decreto 818/2009), third-country rights are valid in Spain for no longer than six months from the time you acquired residencia normal, a habitual residence, rights must be valid, in Spanish or with an official translation, or in accordance with the model of the Geneva or Vienna Conventions.

    Where: Real Decreto 818/2009, article 21Duration: 6 months maximumCost: translation is paid separately

    When you need help, you can't tell from when to count residence (e.g. you've lived on a visa) It's safer to start the process early. juror transfer.

  3. Prepare access and sign up for DGT

    For face-to-face procedures at DGT, you need a cita previa, a pre-recorded entry: at sede.dgt.gob.es, on the phone 060 or in an app mIDGT. In Barcelona, two points are recorded in the recording system: Barcelona and Barcelona-Sabadell.

    Where: sede.dgt.gob.es, 060, mIDGTDuration: Free dates are viewed in the recording systemCost: Record free of charge

  4. Exchange: documents, informe medico and duties

    For Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and other countries, the list of categories A1, A, B and B+E is changed without examinations.

    Where: Jefatura Provincial de Trafico, sede.dgt.gob.esDuration: Depends on the verification of rights in the country of extraditionCost: 28.87 me (tasa 2.3) and medical commission

    When assistance is needed: the country of extradition has not long been able to confirm the right or DGT has requested proof that you were not resident when it was received. Temporary protection for Ukrainians.

  5. If there is no exchange: the way through the examinations

    For rights from Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, only Spanish examinations remain, as a human being without rights: medical commission, theoretical examination and practical driving examination in the city, and driving experience is taken into account only because it is easier for you to prepare.

    Where: dgt.es, obtener un nuevo permisoDuration: The stage taken is stored for two yearsCost: Tasa 2.1, step 8

    When you need help, you're six months out and you're driving.

  6. Motor school or self-employed

    DGT expressly permits the preparation and application of a por libre test, without a car school (autoescuela). For road practice without a car school, lycencia de aprendizaje: a double pedal machine, L sign and accompanying B license. With a car school, the examination and the training machine are usually part of its work.

    Where: Jefatura Provincial de Trafico or auto schoolDuration: pending applicationCost: free school prices

    When you need help, you want to take a practice without a car school, and the car requirements and the escort are strict, you better check with Jefatura in advance.

  7. Go through the medical report.

    Informe de aptitud psicofísica issues the Centro de Reconocimiento de Investors, a private centre authorized by DGT. For the examination, the certificate must be issued not earlier than 90 days before the application is made.

    Where: Centro de Reconocimiento de InvestorsDuration: 90 days imprisonmentCost: paid at the centre, specify the price there

  8. Pay for the tasa DGT

    The fee for any category of license examination is tasa 2.1, on DGT 94.05 me. It covers two attempts (convocatorias), and the third requires a new application and a new duty.

    Where: sede.dgt.gob.es, pago de tasasDuration: pending applicationValue: 94.05 I

  9. Prepare for theory and select language

    Modelo 04 theory for category B is given in Spanish, autonomy (Catalonia Catalan), English, French or German, and is a version of lectura fácil, simplified text. Russian is not on the list. dgt.es has free tests in a format close to the examination.

    Where: dgt.es, test de examenesDuration: Depends on youCost: DGT tests free of charge

  10. Apply for the examination

    They submit the Modelo 04 online form via the DGT (Cl@ve or certificate) electronic registry or directly to Jefatura on the record. After processing, the test date is sent by e-mail; the DGT period does not guarantee.

    Where: sede.dgt.gob.es or Jefatura Provincial de TraficoDuration: Date designated by DGTValue: included in Tasa 2.1

  11. Take the theoretical exam.

    The theory is in test format. The result is published in the section of the consulta de noteas on the DGT. This theory is maintained for two years, and it has to be practiced.

    Where: DGT examination centre in the provinceDuration: 2 yearsCost: First and second attempts are in Tasa 2.1

  12. Practice in a learning machine

    After theory, the car starts driving in the city. In a car school, it's her double pedaling and instructor, without a licencia de aprendizaje and a double-driving car, L and accompanying. Spanish practice evaluates priority rules, circular motion and manoeuvres by DGT criteria, not habits from another country.

    Where: a car school or a training machineDuration: up to two years after theoryCost: Activities paid separately

    When you need help, you've had a long time driving, but you haven't had a Spanish practice: a few sessions with an instructor often save an attempt.

  13. Take the practical exam.

    Pureba de control de aptitudes y comportamientos en circulación passes on public roads with the DGT examiner. Without a car school, you bring the car yourself: double-run and escort, who is responsible for the second pedal and safety.

    Where: DGT examination route in Barcelona ProvinceDuration: within two years after theoryCost: In Tasa 2.1, third attempt with new duty

    When you need help, two attempts have been made and six months' time for foreign rights is over.

  14. Get your license.

    Once the practice is completed, the temporary permit is issued permiso protectional, which can only be used in Spain. On the DGT page it is valid for three months, and plastic rights are issued by mail during this time.

    Where: DGT, mail deliveryDuration: 3 months ’ temporary authorizationValue: included in Tasa 2.1

  15. Balls, extension and foreign rights

    Spanish rights are running at the points: new drivers start with 8 and have experience with 12 and the balance is growing without interruption. B rights are in effect for 10 years after 65 years (art. 12 Reglamento). When they exchange the original foreign rights, they take the DGT; if you have passed the exams, the fate of old rights will be specified in Jefatura.

    Where: sede.dgt.gob.es, mIDGTDuration: 10 years to 65 years, then 5 yearsValue: Extension fee see DGT page

    When you need help, you're going to drive on your old rights outside Spain or in the country of their extradition: the rules are set by that country.

Typical errors on this route

  • They ride Russian, Belarusian or Kazakh rights longer than six months after receiving the residence: rights no longer apply, it is driving without valid rights.
  • They expect that Russian rights can be exchanged: there is no in the DGT table of 26.06.2026 for Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
  • They are entitled to rights at home, already living in Spain, and they are trying to exchange them: such rights are not subject to exchange.
  • They go through the medical board in advance and file a report after 90 days: the report has to be repeated.
  • They are trained in Russian tests: they do not pass the Russian examination, and they need one of the languages of Form Modelo 04.
  • They spend two consecutive attempts without preparation: a third attempt requires a new duty.

Frequent issues

Can Russian rights be exchanged in Spain?
No. In the table of DGT countries with an exchange agreement (updated 26.06.2026), there is no Russia, nor Belarus and Kazakhstan, and Spanish rights are obtained through medical commissions, theory and practice.
How many Russian rights can you drive with a residence permit?
At least six months after you became a resident of Spain (article 21 of the Reglamento General de Investors), rights must be valid with either an official translation or an international convention.
Could you pass the Russian language certificate?
No. For category B, the DGT form offers Spanish, autonomous languages (in Barcelona, Catalan), English, French and German, as well as lectura fácil.
Do you have to study in a car school?
No, DGT allows for preparation and delivery por libre. Practice without a car school requires licencia de aprendizaje, a double-run car and an accompanying vehicle; you bring a double-pedal car to the test.
How much is it worth getting a license in Spain?
The DGT has been given for the 94.05 me (tasa 2.1) two attempts, and the medical commission is paid separately and, if you choose it, the car school, the exchange is 28.87 me (ta 2.3) plus the medical commission.
How can we exchange Ukrainian rights in Barcelona?
Ukraine is on the canje list. Category B changes without examinations: Modelo 03, identity document and residence, original rights, medical certificate and tasa 2.3. For people with temporary protection, there are separate rules, no translation.

To deal with your situation.

The rights per se are the DGT procedure, but their duration depends on the date of your residence, and it depends on the status of the residence permit. If it is not clear from what date the six months are counted or the residence permit is still in the process, it is worth discussing. First consultation: 30 minutes free. Full individual consultation: 121 I in 45 minutes. The cost of maintenance is charged separately on the basis of the budget, fees and transfers. The NEXO Relocate Center, not the law firm: the legal branch is run by the team's lawyer, tax and administrative matters are managed by a tax and administrative specialist (gradoada social).

Book a consultation

Contribution on the theme

Sources

Sources are checked on October 3, 2026. DGT is updated at the beginning of each year, and before paying, check the sum of the sede DGT. Canje countries are changed, check the date of the update of the table. Material information does not replace advice from a lawyer or tax and administrative specialist.

How does this apply to your situation?

Choose a first step in the short quiz or discuss your questions with the NEXO team.